Savings

Government schemes and deposits — the rates, the lock-ins, and whether the tax break is worth the illiquidity.

Every deposit and small savings scheme in India is the same trade priced differently: you give up access to your money for a period, and you are paid for the wait. The lock-in is not a drawback attached to the product — the lock-in is the product. A scheme that pays more than a savings account and lets you withdraw on demand does not exist, and an offer that appears to be one is usually a market-linked product wearing a deposit’s clothing.

So the comparison worth making is never rate against rate. It is rate against the date you will genuinely need the money, and then against tax. Interest treatment varies enormously across these schemes — some are taxed at your slab rate as it accrues, some are exempt within limits, some are exempt entirely at maturity — and a lower headline rate with better tax treatment routinely beats a higher one. Comparing pre-tax returns is the single most common error in this category.

One timing note that governs everything here: small savings rates are notified by the Ministry of Finance quarterly, effective 1 April, 1 July, 1 October and 1 January. Any rate you read anywhere, including here, is a rate as of a date. Check the current notification before committing money, and treat undated rate tables on any site as unreliable by default.